Another study challenges the effectiveness of workplace drug testing: Workplace drug testing programs do not deter employees from using illicit substances, nor do they increase workers' on-the-job performance, according to a study released this week in Britain by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation and the think-tank DrugScope. Authors of the report, entitled "Drug testing in the workplace: The Report of the Independent Inquiry into Drug Testing at Work," determined: "The common assumption that drug and alcohol use has a major impact on productivity and performance at work is not conclusively supported by the evidence. ... Nor has it been demonstrated that drug testing has a significant deterrent effect, or is the most appropriate way of identifying and engaging with staff whose drug use is affecting their work." Unless, that is, by "effectiveness" you mean humiliating your employees discouraging worker militancy, which, as Barbara Ehrenreich argues in Nickle and Dimed, has a great deal to do with the motivation behind these tests.