9/11/2004

The Times explores the Sudanese rebel groups whose ranks are swelling as government-backed Janjiwid continue their murderous campaign: The men and boys of Darfur's black communities have been driven into the arms of the rebel groups by long-simmering resentment against what they regard as official discrimination at the hands of the government, intensified by the violence exacted by Khartoum and its allied Arab militias, the janjaweed. Rebel leaders insist that their goal is not to fight Arabs as such, nor to clear Darfur of its centuries-old nomadic Arab tribes. But today the rank and file is so embittered by the violence and so emboldened by the international condemnation of the Khartoum government that the prospect of coexistence, at least for now, seems a faint possibility. "Impossible," said Mustapha Abdul Karim, 35, the blustery commander of this crew when asked about sharing the territory where tens of thousands have died or been displaced already. "Arabs and Africans living in one village? Impossible." His father was killed in a gun battle in Abu Gomorah in 2002, before the war had even officially started. The rebels' political goals remain vague - only broad demands for sharing power and wealth in the government of Sudan. Toward those goals, the rebels, too, have resorted to some unsavory tactics, including the kidnapping of aid workers in Darfur in late August. Their ranks are filled with boys under 18. Yet they have garnered enviable international support, notably from the United States government, by pointing, correctly, to the atrocities committed against black African civilians by government forces and the janjaweed. Sensing that the finger of the international community rests on their side of the scale, and distrusting promises made by Khartoum, they have also proved obstinate in talks taking place in the Nigerian capital of Abuja aimed at ending the conflict. They have insisted, for instance, that the janjaweed be disarmed before their own fighters - something the government for its part has refused.

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